Things That cause a quiet life
"The Things That Cause a Quiet Life" by Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey
Introduction
Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, a prominent poet of the English Renaissance, translated and adapted this poem from the Roman poet Martial. The Things That Cause a Quiet Life is a reflective and philosophical poem that outlines the qualities of an ideal, peaceful existence. The poem embodies the Renaissance humanist ideals of moderation, wisdom, and contentment, advocating for a simple yet fulfilling life free from excess, conflict, and anxiety.
Theme and Meaning
1. The Pursuit of a Happy Life
The poem presents a vision of happiness that is not based on wealth, power, or indulgence but rather on simplicity, contentment, and inner peace. The poet suggests that a truly joyful life comes from:
- Inherited wealth ("riches left, not got with pain"), which implies that wealth should be obtained without struggle or unethical means.
- A fruitful land, symbolizing self-sufficiency and a connection with nature.
- A quiet mind, suggesting that inner peace is more valuable than material wealth.
2. Freedom from Conflict and Burden
The speaker rejects ambition and political power, stating that happiness requires:
- An equal friend and no grudge or strife, emphasizing the importance of harmonious relationships.
- No charge of rule nor governance, highlighting that power brings responsibility and turmoil.
- A healthy life, suggesting that good health is more valuable than wealth or status.
3. Moderation and Simplicity
The poet advocates for a balanced and moderate lifestyle:
- "The mean diet, no dainty fare" – advocating for simple, nourishing food rather than luxury.
- "True wisdom joined with simpleness" – emphasizing the value of both intellect and humility.
- "The night discharged of all care, where wine the wit may not oppress" – rejecting excessive indulgence in alcohol and the worries that come with ambition.
4. Stability and Contentment
The concluding lines emphasize the importance of:
- A faithful, peaceful marriage, free from disputes.
- Restful sleep, symbolizing a life free from stress and regret.
- Acceptance of one’s fate, neither desiring death nor fearing it, reflecting Stoic philosophy and the Renaissance belief in accepting life's natural course.
Structure and Style
1. Simple and Harmonious Form
The poem follows a balanced and musical structure, reflecting its theme of harmony and order. It consists of four-line stanzas (quatrains) with an ABAB rhyme scheme, making it easy to read and reinforcing the idea of a well-ordered life.
2. Classical Influence
As a translation from Martial, a Roman poet known for his epigrams, the poem reflects Stoic ideals, promoting moderation, self-control, and inner peace over external success or wealth.
3. Concise and Direct Language
The poem’s language is straightforward yet profound, mirroring the simplicity it advocates. Howard avoids elaborate metaphors or excessive ornamentation, instead delivering his message with clarity and elegance.
Comparison to Renaissance and Classical Ideals
This poem aligns with Renaissance humanist thought, which emphasized:
- A return to classical wisdom (drawing on Stoic and Epicurean philosophies).
- The rejection of excess and corruption, particularly in contrast to the ambition and political intrigue of the Tudor court.
- A focus on personal virtue and inner fulfillment, rather than material wealth or power.
It also shares themes with other Renaissance works, such as Sir Thomas Wyatt’s poetry, which often explored the tension between ambition and contentment.
Conclusion
The Things That Cause a Quiet Life is a timeless meditation on happiness, simplicity, and wisdom. Through clear, rhythmic language and a structured argument, Henry Howard presents an ideal life free from turmoil, ambition, and excess. The poem remains relevant today, as it advocates for a balanced life focused on contentment, moderation, and personal peace—values that continue to resonate in the modern world.
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